Pluralistic approaches in the philosophy of biological individuality suggest that reality is divisible into multiple types of biological individuals (evolutionary, genetic, physiological, etc.). In this research I will argue in favor of this pluralistic ontology. Inspired mainly by John Dupré’s processual metaphysics, Ronald Giere’s perspectivism, and Hasok Chang’s active realism, I will suggest that: (i) biological individuals are temporarily stable nexuses in a flow of causal processes, (ii) individuations in biology represent real individuals only under the scientific perspectives that support (...) them, (iii) biology’s ability to recognize diverse types of individuals comes from epistemically successful individuation practices. These practices not only contact us with multiple sites of reality, but also invite us to embrace pluralism as an effective way to increase our scientific knowledge of nature. (shrink)

The Coal Seam Gas extraction industry is developing rapidly within the Surat Basin in southern Queensland, Australia, with licenses already approved for tenements covering more than 24,000 km2. Much of this land is used for a broad range of agricultural purposes and the need for coexistence between the farm and gas industries has been the source of much conflict. Whilst much research has been undertaken into the environmental and economic impacts of CSG, little research has looked into the issues of (...) coexistence between farmers and the CSG industry in the shared space that is a farm business, a home and a resource extraction network. We conducted three workshops with farmers from across a broad region undergoing CSG development to explore farmers’ perceptions of some of the issues arising from large scale land use change. Workshops explored the importance of place identity and landscape aesthetics for farmers, farmers’ acceptance and coping with change, and possible benefits from off-farm income. We found that farmers believed that place identity was not well understood by CSG staff from non-rural backgrounds and that farmers struggled to explain some concerns because of the different way they interpreted their landscape. Furthermore, high staff turnover, and the extensive use of contractors also impacted on communications. These factors were the cause of much frustration and farmers felt that this has led to severe impacts on mental health and wellbeing. Farmers felt that a change in culture within the CSG companies will be required if engagement with farmers is to improve and that efforts to employ local people in these communications was helping this. The workshops also identified a range of issues perceived by farmers arising from increased traffic volumes, impacts to mental health and wellbeing, place identity and loss of water resources for farmers. Finally, it was suggested that scientists and agricultural industry groups will need to work closely with farmers to develop understanding of these emerging issues and to develop solutions that are timely and relevant. (shrink)

The expressivist account of knowledge attributions, while claiming that these attributions are nonfactual, also typically holds that they retain a factual component. This factual component involves the attribution of a belief. The aim of this work is to show that considerations analogous to those motivating an expressivist account of knowledge attributions can be applied to belief attributions. As a consequence, we claim that expressivists should not treat the so-called factual component as such. The phenomenon we focus on to claim that (...) belief attributions are non-factual is that of normative doxastic disagreement. We show through several examples that this kind of disagreement is analogous to that of the epistemic kind. The result will be a doxastic expressivism. Finally, we answer some objections that our doxastic expressivism could seem to face. (shrink)

Resumen:El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la disputa en torno a las ciencias sociales de Theodor Adorno y Karl Popper de 1961, publicada en el libro La disputa del positivismo en la sociología alemana. Los ejes del análisis son: Qué es la ciencia, cuál es su método. Para cumplir el objetivo, explicitaremos cada uno de los puntos antes mencionados, para luego, en una tercera etapa contrastar las aproximaciones de ambos autores. En las conclusiones se discuten las posibles derivas políticas (...) a las cuales conducen las concepciones de los autores.Palabras clave: conocimiento; ciencia; método; sociología; valores. (shrink)

In this paper, we argue that the Epicurean genealogy of justice and laws presuppose an analysis of the just as a modality of the useful, an approach that denies the conventional character of justice. This genealogical pattern differentiates the origin of justice from that of the law and refers to friendship as a relevant explanatory factor of the origin of justice. We maintain that the interpretations that underline the incoherence of this reference to friendship, in the framework of a hedonistic (...) theory, presuppose a non-Epicurean sharp distinction between altruism and selfishness. (shrink)

We propose a revision operator on a stratified belief base, i.e., a belief base that stores beliefs in different strata corresponding to the value an agent assigns to these beliefs. Furthermore, the operator will be defined as to perform the revision in such a way that information is never lost upon revision but stored in a stratum or layer containing information perceived as having a lower value. In this manner, if the revision of one layer leads to the rejection of (...) some information to maintain consistency, instead of being withdrawn it will be kept and introduced in a different layer with lower value. Throughout this development we will follow the principle of minimal change, being one of the important principles proposed in belief change theory, particularly emphasized in the AGM model. Regarding the reasoning part from the stratified belief base, the agent will obtain the inferences using an argumentative formalism. Thus, the argumentation framework will decide which information prevails when sentences of different layers are used for entailing conflicting beliefs. We will also illustrate how inferences are changed and how the status of arguments can be modified after a revision process. (shrink)

En este trabajo analizo el surgimiento de las nuevas tecnologías de subjetivación farmacopornográficas como productos de un cambio en los esquemas de organización y resistencia inmunológica experimentados en los cuerpos sociales desde mediados del siglo XX, y que supone la neutralización técnica de la otredad inmunológicamente efectiva paralelo al desmoronamiento de la estructura y la semántica social dada la conformación de las espumas individualistas. Para ello, analizo los efectos somatopolíticos de un corpus representativo de dichas tecnologías de subjetivación: la Píldora (...) Anticonceptiva, el Viagra y PReP. (shrink)

En el presente trabajo estudio el modo en que la novela Maldita yo entre las mujeres se apropia deconstructivamente de los principios y funciones de las novelas nacionales de América Latina, a fin de producir un efecto crítico en lo que respecta a la consolidación del régimen colonial en este espacio geopolítico y enfatizar en el carácter doloroso y desgarrado de la experiencia mestiza. De este modo, en lugar de que el sujeto mestizo sea representado en la novela como parte (...) de un romance que sirva de alegoría de un vínculo conciliatorio entre grupos sociales o étnicos en pugna; se articularía en torno a este sujeto, personificado en la Quintrala, mujer-mestiza-bruja, un ejercicio de violencia epistémica y de disciplinamiento identitario, que obtiene como respuesta de su parte la práctica de una estrategia de resistencia al poder colonial. (shrink)

La biología utiliza múltiples criterios para individuar fenómenos biológicos. Frente a esta diversidad, los enfoques monistas proponen criterios fundamentales para el reconocimiento unívoco de individuos, esto es, formas únicas de dividir el mundo biológico en entidades individuales. El pluralismo, por otro lado, argumenta que no deberíamos restringir el estudio de la individualidad a concepciones únicas, reconociendo, en su lugar, diferentes tipos de individuos. En este artículo, analizaré cómo ciertos enfoques monistas y pluralistas enfrentan la pluralidad de criterios de individuación utilizados (...) por la práctica científica. Siguiendo las recientes aproximaciones epistemológicas y pragmáticas en filosofía de la individualidad biológica, argumentaré por qué la diversidad de individuaciones no suele representar un inconveniente para la biología y por qué contribuye a nuestro conocimiento del mundo biológico. La conclusión general será que requerimos múltiples maneras de individuar la naturaleza para poder cumplir los diversos objetivos epistémicos de la biología, una labor que las aproximaciones monistas no suelen visibilizar. Palabras clave: Individuo Biológico, Pluralidad, Pluralismo, Monismo. (shrink)

From an epidemiological perspective, the practice of universal vaccination of girls and young women in order to prevent human papilloma virus (HPV) infection and potential development of cervical cancer is widely accepted even though it may lead to the neglect of other preventive strategies against cervical cancer.

Nel 1929 avviene a Davos il famoso incontro tra Ernst Cassirer e Martin Heidegger che rappresenta il dibattito tra le correnti filosofiche dominanti nel mondo di lingua tedesca in quel momento, mentre ci si focalizza, nella sua risoluzione, sull’immediato futuro politico che avrebbe dovuto riguardare l'Europa, con i soliti mitmachen dell'università e della stragrande maggioranza dei suoi intellettuali, tra cuianche buoni sacerdoti e i barbieri di Cervantes, che bruciavano libri. Esattamente quattro secoli fa, tra gli altri, Lutero e Zwingli hanno (...) discusso nel cosiddetto Colloquio di Marburg, sul sacramento dell’Eucaristia, prendendo posizioni inconciliabili riguardo alla questione della presenza reale di Cristo in essa. Il presente documento intende dimostrare l'identità strutturale tra la discussione di Davos e quella del colloquio di Marburg, rivelando le sue dimensioni teologiche, che avranno, conosciute o meno, un enorme impatto sull'ulteriore sviluppo di discipline come la linguistica. (shrink)

Ce texte constitue un bref résumé de certains travaux en cours beaucoup plus longs et détaillés sur le concept de «trace» dans la théorie linguistique contemporaine, en particulier dans la syntaxe. On pense généralement que l'idée en revient à Noam Chomsky; cependant, nous découvrons déjà son utilisation, avec une valeur très précise, dans les premiers travaux de Zellig Harris sur la linguistique mathématique ou, pour être plus précis, sur les structures mathématiques du langage. À l'origine, plutôt que d'être un index (...) responsable du marquage de la place occupée par une unité antérieure à son mouvement syntaxique (qui prend toujours la forme d'un fronting), la trace était le résultat d'un produit matriciel entre des fonctions n-adiques. Ainsi, chez Harris, la trace est avant tout un concept ancré dans le calcul matriciel ou, autrement dit, une notion algébrique. La notion de Chomsky, à son tour, est étroitement liée au langage de programmation LISP. Ce texte cherche à fournir une analyse préliminaire de la complexité conceptuelle impliquée dans le concept de trace, dont les linguistes devraient prendre conscience, sous peine de s’embourber dans des incompréhensions stériles pour notre discipline au cours des décennies à venir. (shrink)

El inicio de la segunda década del siglo XIX en Sevilla está marcado por la ocupación francesa. La singularidad de la capital andaluza viene determinada por la intensidad del uso del espacio público como escaparate «oficial» de los poderes pugnantes. Esto explica cómo la ciudad pasa, en un año, de convocar procesiones contra la entrada de las tropas francesas en España a recibirlas con galas. A través de la restitución cartográfica de las crónicas locales se pretende desvelar la relación entre (...) lógicas de poder y forma urbana que definen una singular manera de ocupar el espacio colectivo. (shrink)

Resumen: En este artículo argumentamos que, el hecho de que hubo ciudadanos prominentes de diferentes ciudades griegas que adhirieron al epicureísmo, se sintieron epicúreos y fueron reconocidos como tales, muestra que slogans como “vive oculto” y “no participes en política”, que sugieren un completo apoliticismo por parte de Epicuro y los epicúreos, tergiversan el verdadero sentido del mantenerse alejado de la política contingente. Nuestro texto muestra la interacción entre Epicuro y los epicúreos y las ciudades griegas, a través del análisis (...) de documentos relacionados con distintas ciudades antiguas. Si lo que argumentamos es razonable, la idea habitual de que el epicureísmo recomienda la apoliticidad, debe ser desechada.: In this paper, we argue that the fact that there were prominent citizens of different Greek cities who adhered to Epicureanism, felt themselves Epicurean, and were recognized as such, shows that slogans such as “live unnoticed” and “do not participate in politics” misrepresent the true meaning of the Epicurean staying away from contingent politics. Our article shows the interaction between Epicurus and the Epicureans and the Greek cities through the analysis of documents related to different ancient cities. If what we argue is sound, the usual idea that Epicureanism recommends apoliticism must be discarded. (shrink)

ABSTRACT Empathy is relevant to sociomoral development, especially in relation to prosociality and the penalization of acts as faults and crimes. The objective of this research was to test whether empathy is a predictor of prosociality and of perceptions of seriousness of delinquent acts among research participants in Argentina and Spain. The Argentinian sample comprised 215 high school and university students. The Spanish sample comprised 199 university students. The proposed theoretical model showed good fit in both countries. Although empathy was (...) found to predict prosocial conduct more than the perception of the seriousness acts as offenses and crimes, empathy was a significant of both prosocial conduct and perception of the seriousness acts as faults and crimes. Thus, the importance of empathy in morality was supported for both countries, supporting the influence of in different cultural context. (shrink)

More and more studies and research have found a positive relationship between the participation of young people in altruistic activities and helping others, but it is interesting to discover a relationship of that personal and vocational satisfaction in the preparation and training in a profession as important to society as teaching. For students who begin university studies related to teaching, their psychological well-being and motivation towards this activity are very relevant aspects to consider. The access to and attainment of a (...) University Degree with a great vocational character, such as that of Pre-School Teacher or Primary Education Teacher, can benefit the students who will be in charge. These future educational professionals will have adequate motivation and maintain a psychological well-being that, in short, will favour their personal balance and will impact their future students. This research aims to analyse the degree of psychological well-being and its relationship with the motivation towards starting the teaching career. A sample of 233 students and students aged between 17 or 19 years of age who are beginning university studies at the School of Education of Ciudad Real was selected. All participants are enrolled in the first year of the Degree in Pre-school and Primary Education. The relationship between the psychological well-being of the students and their motivation towards attaining a professional teaching career was analysed. Other variables such as age or sex were also taken into account. A quantitative study was carried out and the Ryff Psychological Welfare Scale and the Intrinsic Motivation Questionnaire (IMI) were used. Once the results were analysed, it was observed that there is a positive correlation between the perception of psychological well-being that the participants have and their motivation towards the beginning of university studies, whose professional focus is mainly direct teaching with the students of the early stages of Pre-school and Primary Education. There are also some significant differences, considering the age and sex of the participants. The vocational character of university preparation for the teaching profession may determine that students who begin their Degree studies have an important motivation towards the performance of their professional future. (shrink)

While poverty all over the world is more typical and extreme in rural contexts, interventions to improve cognition in low socioeconomic status children are for the most part based on studies conducted in urban populations. This paper investigate how poverty and rural or urban settings affect child cognitive performance. Executive functions and non-verbal intelligence performance, as well as individual and environmental information was obtained from 131 5-year-old children. For the same level of SES, children in rural settings performed consistently worse (...) than children in urban settings. These differences could be accounted mostly by the months of past preschool attendance and the father’s completed level of education. These results should inform policies and programs for children living in rural poverty worldwide, and specially in Latin America. (shrink)

Este artículo es una respuesta a la crítica de Noé Expósito Ropero —que se basa en gran medida en la visión de Javier San Martín— a mi interpretación de la filosofía de José Ortega y Gasset. El resultado del argumento de Expósito Ropero es que Ortega es más fenomenólogo de lo que yo considero, que me equivoco al pen-sar que existen los “objetos reales” más allá de los objetos intencionales de Edmund Husserl, y que ningún objeto inanimado puede ser (...) tratado como un “yo”. Como réplica, respondo a cada una de estas acusaciones.This article is a response to Noé Expósito Ropero’s critique—which draws heavily on the views of Javier San Martín—of my interpretation of the philosophy of José Ortega y Gasset. The upshot of Expósito Ropero’s argument is that Ortega is more of a phenomenologist than I realize, that I am wrong to think there is any such thing as “real objects” beyond Edmund Husserl’s intentional objects, and that no inanimate object can be treated as an “I.” In response, I answer each of these charges. (shrink)

Understanding Information and Communication Technologies through the networks in which people get con¬nected, communicate and co-operate has been a constant feature in the work of researchers who have not dissociated their view of the meaning of technologies from new social movements. This paper maintains that Information and Communication Technologies are not only networks that people join individually, but they also act as social technologies. Their improvement depends both on the diversity of their functions (social, political, cognitive, etc.) and the flexibility (...) with which they adapt to functional diversity (for example, to life cycles, changing and fluctuating mobility or audiovisual perception thresholds). This idea is supported by the new technological challenge represented by portable devices, such as, personal area networks, high-use user interfaces, and systems designed for home care. These important changes will be explored in this paper in connection with their value for education. (shrink)

Comprender las tecnologías de la comunicación a la luz de las redes con que se comunican y entran en cooperación las personas ha sido una constante en autores que no han disociado su visión acerca del significado de las tecnologías respecto a los nuevos movimientos sociales. Este artículo sostiene que las TIC no son sólo una red a la que se suman los individuos, sino que actúan como tecnologías sociales cuyo perfeccionamiento depende tanto de la diversidad de sus funciones (socio-políticas, (...) cognitivas, etc.) como de la flexibilidad con que se adapten a nuestra diversidad funcional (ciclos de la vida, motricidad, umbrales de percepción, etc.). Prueba de ello son desafíos tecnológicos como el diseño de dispositivos llevables, las redes de área personal, las interfaces de usuario de alta usabilidad, los sistemas de cuidado en el hogar, etc. Este artículo explora dichas tesis en relación con el entorno educativo. (shrink)

Since the first volume appeared in 2005, the collection Controversies has brought together pieces of work related to the field of argumentation, giving particular attention to those that are concerned with theoretical and practical problems connected with discursive controversy and confrontation. Authors such as P. Barrotta, M. Dascal, S. Frogel, H. Chang and D. Walton had already either edited or written previous editions to the present volume (volume six) of the collection. F. H. van Eemeren and B. Garssen (the former (...) has already, with P. Houtlosser, edited the second volume of this collection) are responsible for compiling and editing this collection. In this volume Van Eemeren and Garssen edit works they conceive as being akin to those elements which, in argumentation discourse, serve to resolve – or often to present – differences of opinion. However, it should be added that this is not a mere editing job, but rather the result of an intellectual collaboration between two international research groups dedicated to a common field – consisting, on the one hand, of controversies and, on the other, of argumentation. (shrink)

Los autores de esta obra dedicada a la compilación y comentario de las concepciones de la guerra existentes en nuestra historia de la filosofía son conscientes de que ninguna filosofía podría dar una definición de qué sea la guerra, cuáles sean sus causas, sus justificaciones o bajo qué concepción de la naturaleza humana cabe explicar este fenómeno o cuál sea el papel jugado por los Estados sin que, para ello, ponga la filosofía en juego todas las dimensiones que la componen: (...) desde la política, la metafísica, la ética, el derecho, etc. presentes en su devenir histórico. Esto es lo mismo que decir que la filosofía sólo puede dar una respuesta compleja y plural a la pregunta acerca de qué sea la guerra y de cómo llega a producirse ésta. Complejidad y pluralidad que hacen aconsejable un seguimiento histórico de las concepciones mismas de la guerra, y aunque no esté en boga hacer uso de este tipo de seguimientos que examinan, implícitamente, a la filosofía en su historia misma, qué duda cabe, por otra parte –y vaya ello en defensa de esta inteligente compilación–, de que también estamos hoy día recuperados de esa visión peyorativa de la historia, precisamente porque la pluralidad y complejidad de los planteamientos o concepciones de este fenómeno han de ser estudiados en el conjunto de la historia o historias: un futuro pasado, como diría Reinhart Koselleck, a cuyo examen estamos todos convocados. (shrink)

La presente nota crítica tiene como finalidad exponer y comentar las ideas fundamentales de la edición española del primer escrito de Jacques Derrida, El problema de la génesis en la filosofía de Husserl. Asimismo, hacemos algunas aclaraciones sobre el origen y significado de este escrito. Al concluir, añadimos algunas observaciones sobre la traducción y sobre el estudio final del editor y traductor Javier Bassas Vila sobre la filosofía del joven Derrida.

¿El agua recuerda? ¿Cómo es posible visualizar y sanar su memoria? En el año 2013 el artista Eduardo Navarro presentó su obra Tratamiento homeopático del Río de la Plata en el Parque de la Memoria - Monumento a las Víctimas del Terrorismo de Estado, como parte de la exhibición Aquella mañana fue como si recuperara, si no la felicidad, sí la energía, una energía que se parecía mucho al humor, un humor que se parecía mucho a la memoria, bajo (...) la curaduría de Inés Katzenstein y Javier Villa. En palabras del artista, el proyecto se inspiró en la teoría del científico japonés Masaru Emoto, quien sostiene que las diversas formas de cristalización del agua se deben a las energías y afectos a las que ésta se expone. (shrink)

El autor aprovecha el fallido debate que tuvo lugar entre John Searle y Jacques Derrida desde finales de los anos setenta, en torno a la teoria de los actos de habla de John L. Austin. Este desencuentro no solo es analizado minuciosamente sino que ofrece sendas visiones retrospectivas de las tradiciones de Searle y Derrida, al tiempo que aprovecha el episodio para retratar algunos momentos de la filosofia contemporanea y reflexionar sobre los grande problemas de la filosofia del lenguaje y (...) de la mente: la palabra como instrumento de comunicacion, la intencionalidad de la conciencia y la diferancia como aspecto constitutivo de todo texto. (shrink)